European leaders agreed early on Friday morning to keep Ukraine funded for two years with a loan of 90 billion euros, or about $105 billion, though they failed to agree on their first-choice option of using Russian state assets frozen on the continent as backing for the loan.
That ambitious frozen-asset plan was killed at the 11th hour as European heads of state and government met in Brussels — a show of division that risked making the European Union appear indecisive at a key moment.
Instead, European leaders announced that they will funnel money to Ukraine with a loan backed by the E.U. budget. Because the plan does not leverage the large stash of Russian savings immobilized in Europe, it is likely to cost more and could prove more difficult to quickly scale up than the original idea.
But because it will still get needed cash to Kyiv, officials celebrated it as a win.
“This will address the urgent financial needs of Ukraine,” Antonio Costa, the president of the European Council, said at an early morning news conference in Brussels.
He added that the European Union would reserve its option to eventually use Russia’s immobilized assets. European nations took action last week to freeze those savings indefinitely.
For months, European leaders had hoped to overcome Belgian concerns to clinch a deal on using the 210 billion euros of frozen Russian assets held in Europe to back the massive loan to Ukraine. The setup was supposed to fund much of Ukraine’s governing and war expenses in 2026 and 2027.
But the idea of such a loan was always risky: Russia is already taking legal action over what it paints as the unlawful seizure of its assets. After weeks of back-and-forth, Belgium — where most of the assets frozen in Europe are held — remained unconvinced headed into Thursday’s meeting, worried that it could be on the hook for Russian retaliation.
The guarantees that Belgium demanded to protect against that threat, however, proved too much for some other European countries to quickly accept.
The funding plan comes at a crucial moment, as Ukraine negotiates potential peace terms with the United States. And timing was important. Ukraine is expected to begin running out of money early in 2026.
European officials had painted the funding decision as an opportunity to show that they are powerful actors on the global stage — and strong partners for President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine.
Europeans want a voice in determining how to end the biggest war on their continent in 80 years and secure peace afterward. But President Trump and the Kremlin have frequently left Europe out of discussions over Ukraine’s future.
In fact, the Trump administration has recently made it clear how negatively it views the European Union. The administration warned in a national security strategy that Europe faces “civilizational erasure,” charging that the bloc and other transnational bodies “undermine political liberty” and national sovereignty, allow uncontrolled immigration and place the continent on a path that will leave it “unrecognizable in 20 years or less.”
The weeks spent wrangling over the frozen asset plan that ultimately failed may suggest to the world that the European Union’s clunky structure and diverse voices remain barriers to rapid action — even at urgent moments.
Mr. Zelensky of Ukraine met with European leaders in Brussels on Thursday as they tried to push the frozen-asset deal toward completion. He called it “one of the clearest and most morally justified decisions that could ever be made,” speaking at a news conference.
The question now is whether Europe’s decision will be enough to keep it in the mix as negotiations over Ukraine’s future kick into high gear.
Ivan Nechepurenko contributed reporting.
Jeanna Smialek is the Brussels bureau chief for The Times.
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