Thailand’s future is in danger—and the warning signs are coming straight from the classroom and job market.
A damning new report has revealed that Thailand’s human capital development is hitting major roadblocks, with children and young adults falling behind in education, health, and job readiness. The findings suggest the country’s long-term economic ambitions could be seriously undermined if urgent action isn’t taken.
The Human Capital Development in Thailand report, released by the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC), UNICEF, and the Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI), paints a worrying picture. Despite widespread access to basic services, many Thai children still lack the skills, health, and support needed to thrive.
“Thailand stands at a pivotal moment,” said Kyungsun Kim, UNICEF Representative for Thailand. “This ambition must be matched by investment in people, especially children and youth.”
The report notes malnutrition remains widespread, with stunting, wasting, and overweight conditions affecting young children. Only three in four children aged 24–59 months (two to four years and 11 months) are developmentally on track, with disadvantaged families most at risk.
While most children complete compulsory education, only 42% of Grade 2 students meet expected literacy and numeracy levels. Results from the 2022 PISA assessments show poor performance in maths, science, and reading—particularly in rural areas and among non-Thai speakers.
The gap continues into adulthood. Just 59% of Thais aged 25–34 have finished upper-secondary school. Young men, those with disabilities, and low-income youth are most likely to drop out. Even among working adults, less than 3% receive further training, and only 39% are employed after completing courses.
The Nation reports that a shocking 12.5% of young people aged 15–24 are not in education, employment, or training—many from low-income or marginalised backgrounds.
“There are serious mismatches between education and job market needs,” said NESDC Secretary General Danucha Pichayanan. “Investment in human capital isn’t just smart—it’s essential.”
The report calls for reforms in education funding, inclusive social protection, and better alignment between curricula and labour demands. It also urges investment in mental health and learner well-being.
“The evidence is clear, and the solutions are within reach,” said Kim. “What Thailand needs now is bold, inclusive policy action.”
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